India

India's Coffee Industry

India produces both Arabica and Robusta coffee, with Robusta accounting for approximately 72% of total output. For the 2024/25 marketing year, total production is forecast at 6 million 60-kg bags, with exports projected at 6.3 million bags. Arabica output is expected to reach 1.13 lakh tonnes, (113,000  metric tonnes) while Robusta is forecast at 2.61 lakh tonnes (261 thousand metric). Export earnings have grown steadily, reaching $1.28 billion in 2023–24, driven by strong demand for Robusta and instant coffee, particularly from Russia and Turkey.

Climate challenges are intensifying. Deficit pre-monsoon rains have significantly reduced fruit setting in major growing regions, impacting yields. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts are affecting both Arabica and Robusta physiology, leading to reduced bean quality and increased pest pressure. These conditions are particularly severe in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, which together account for over 95% of India’s coffee production.

Political and economic pressures include high input costs, limited access to affordable credit, and labour shortages. Smallholders, who make up 98% of India’s 250,000 coffee growers, are especially vulnerable. The Coffee Board of India has launched initiatives like the Integrated Coffee Development Project to improve yields, expand cultivation in non-traditional regions, and support sustainability. However, growers still face challenges in meeting international traceability and sustainability standards, especially under new EU regulations.

India’s production model is diverse. Shade-grown coffee under agroforestry systems is common, supporting biodiversity and soil conservation. Robusta is increasingly favoured for its pest resistance and lower labour requirements, while Arabica remains dominant in high-altitude regions like the Nilgiris and Baba Budan Giri. Specialty coffee gaining traction.

For UK and EU Buyers

Shipping times to the UK are typically 40 to 45 days by sea from ports like Mangalore and Chennai. India benefits from duty-free access for instant and value-added coffee under trade agreements, enhancing its competitiveness in European markets.

India offers a robust mix of commercial and specialty coffees, with growing export momentum. Buyers in the UK and EU should monitor climate resilience, regulatory compliance, and evolving production dynamics when sourcing from this origin.